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Mind monkey
Mind monkey or monkey mind, from Chinese ''xinyuan'' and Sino-Japanese ''shin'en'' 心猿 ("heart-/mind-monkey" ), is a Buddhist term meaning "unsettled; restless; capricious; whimsical; fanciful; inconstant; confused; indecisive; uncontrollable". In addition to Buddhist writings, including Chan or Zen, Consciousness-only, Pure Land, and Shingon, this "mind-monkey" psychological metaphor was adopted in Taoism, Neo-Confucianism, poetry, drama, and literature. "Mind-monkey" occurs in two reversible four-character idioms with ''yima'' or ''iba'' 意馬 ("thought-/will-horse" ), most frequently used in Chinese ''xinyuanyima'' 心猿意馬 and Japanese ''ibashin'en'' 意馬心猿. The "Monkey King" Sun Wukong in the ''Journey to the West'' personifies the mind-monkey. Note that much of the following summarizes Carr (1993).
==Linguistic and cultural background==
"Mind-monkey" 心猿 is an exemplary animal metaphor. Some figures of speech are cross-linguistically common, verging upon linguistic universals; many languages use "monkey" or "ape" words to mean "mimic", for instance, Italian scimmiottare "to mock; to mimic" < scimmia "monkey; ape", Japanese ''sarumane'' 猿真似 ("monkey imitation" ) "copycat; superficial imitation", and English ''monkey see, monkey do'' or ''to ape''). Other animal metaphors have culture-specific meanings; compare English ''chickenhearted'' "cowardly; timid'; easily frightened" and Chinese ''jixin'' 雞心 ("chicken heart" ) "heart-shaped; cordate".
The four morphological elements of Chinese ''xinyuanyima'' or Japanese ''shin'en'iba'' are ''xin'' or ''shin'' 心 "heart; mind", ''yi'' or ''i'' 意 "thought", ''yuan'' or ''en'' 猿 "monkey", and ''ma'' or ''ba'' 馬 "horse"'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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